Cusco, once the capital of the Inca Empire, is a vibrant city full of history, culture, and adventure. Situated at an altitude of 3,400 meters (11,150 feet), it serves as the gateway to the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, but there is much more to explore in and around this UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here’s a guide to some of the best things to do in Cusco and its surrounding areas.
1. Explore the Historic Center of Cusco
Cusco’s historic center is filled with beautiful colonial architecture, charming cobblestone streets, and remnants of its Inca past. Key highlights include:
- Plaza de Armas: The heart of the city, surrounded by colonial arcades, restaurants, and historic buildings like the Cusco Cathedral and Church of the Society of Jesus (Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús).
- Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun): This ancient Inca temple was one of the most important in the empire, later transformed into the Santo Domingo Church by the Spanish. You can see the impressive Inca stonework alongside colonial structures.
2. Sacsayhuamán
A short walk or taxi ride from the city center, Sacsayhuamán is one of the most impressive Inca archaeological sites. This fortress features massive stone walls that were precisely fitted without mortar. The site offers panoramic views of Cusco and is a popular spot for picnics and watching sunsets. It’s also the site of the annual Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun) held every June 24.
3. San Pedro Market
For a taste of local life and an opportunity to shop for traditional goods, visit San Pedro Market. The market offers fresh produce, local snacks, handmade crafts, and textiles. It’s an excellent place to pick up souvenirs and enjoy local flavors like empanadas, fresh fruit juices, and ceviche.
4. The Sacred Valley
The Sacred Valley, located just outside Cusco, is a must-see region that includes stunning landscapes, charming villages, and important Incan archaeological sites. Key stops include:
- Pisac: Known for its impressive hillside terraces and bustling Sunday market. The Pisac ruins offer expansive views of the Sacred Valley.
- Ollantaytambo: A well-preserved Inca town with narrow cobblestone streets and an imposing fortress, this is a popular stop on the way to Machu Picchu.
- Maras and Moray: Visit the ancient salt mines of Maras, where salt has been harvested for centuries, and the unique circular agricultural terraces of Moray, which the Incas may have used as an agricultural laboratory.
5. Inca Trail
For adventurous travelers, hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is a once-in-a-lifetime experience. This multi-day trek takes you through breathtaking landscapes, ancient Inca ruins, and cloud forests before arriving at the Sun Gate of Machu Picchu. Permits are required, and it’s best to book well in advance.
6. San Blas Neighborhood
This bohemian neighborhood is a haven for artists and offers a more laid-back atmosphere compared to the bustling Plaza de Armas. The San Blas Plaza is surrounded by artisan workshops, galleries, and cafes. The area is also known for its charming narrow streets and the San Blas Church, which has a beautiful wooden pulpit carved from a single piece of cedar.
7. Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca)
For those seeking adventure, a day trip to Rainbow Mountain is an incredible experience. Located about 3 hours from Cusco, this vibrant multi-colored mountain offers a challenging but rewarding hike. The trail reaches heights of around 5,200 meters (17,060 feet), so acclimatization to Cusco’s altitude is recommended before attempting this trek.
8. Cusco Museums
Cusco is home to a number of excellent museums that provide insight into its rich history and culture:
- Museo Inka: Focuses on Incan history and artifacts, including pottery, textiles, and mummies.
- Pre-Columbian Art Museum (MAP): Located in a colonial-era mansion, this museum showcases art from Peru’s ancient civilizations, from the Moche to the Inca.
- ChocoMuseo: For something fun and tasty, visit this museum to learn about the history of cacao in Peru and make your own chocolate.
9. Take a Cooking Class
Peruvian cuisine is renowned worldwide, and Cusco is a great place to take a cooking class to learn how to prepare traditional dishes like ceviche, lomo saltado, and aji de gallina. Many classes also include a trip to the local market to pick up fresh ingredients.
10. Tambomachay and Pukapukara
For an easy half-day trip from Cusco, visit the nearby Inca sites of Tambomachay and Pukapukara. Tambomachay is known as the “Inca Baths,” a site thought to have been used for ceremonial purposes related to water. Pukapukara, a nearby military outpost, offers great views of the surrounding countryside.
Conclusion
Cusco and its surrounding areas offer a rich mix of history, culture, adventure, and natural beauty. Whether you’re exploring ancient Inca ruins, shopping in vibrant markets, or embarking on outdoor adventures, there’s something for every type of traveler in this magical region of Peru. Make sure to take your time exploring the many hidden gems of Cusco and the Sacred Valley, and remember to acclimatize to the altitude before embarking on more strenuous activities.